• Following nerve injury Shh expression is upregulated in neur

  2022-04-02

  

  Following nerve injury, Shh expression is upregulated in neuronal cell bodies of the facial and sciatic nerves. Additionally, Shh appears to be required for normal regeneration in vivo, and promotes motor neuron survival in vitro (Martinez et al., 2015; Akazawa and Kohsaka, 2007). Based on these obs

• br Mechanisms of HDAC inhibition

  2022-04-02

  

  Mechanisms of HDAC inhibition-dependent cardioprotection Multiple preclinical studies have demonstrated potent cardioprotective benefits of HDAC inhibition in murine models of myocardial stress, including I/R [19,25,29,30]. TSA reduces myocardial infarct size by up to 50% [19,25]. In addition, tr

• Over the last years numerous studies gave insights

  2022-04-02

  

  Over the last 15 years, numerous studies gave insights into sGC activation and binding of activators: Photoaffinity labelling studies with cinaciguat suggested the N-terminus of the β1 subunit as target region for this new drug [17]. Schmidt et al. identified the amino acids tyrosine 135, serine 137

• In human platelets only and isoforms of

  2022-04-02

  

  In human platelets, only α1 and β1 isoforms of sGC are expressed in equimolar concentrations (3700 copies for β1, and 3500 copies for α1 per platelet) [57] [62]. sGC, is usually a heterodimer and contains heme as cofactor which is required for high-affinity NO binding and stimulation of its activity

• The frequency of GSTM and

  2022-04-02

  

  The frequency of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes vary in different populations. For example, Hiragi et al. (2007) reported a frequency of 17–35% for the GSTM1 null genotype and 22–44% for the GSTT1 null genotype in Brazilians of African descent (Hiragi et al., 2007). Chen, Liu, and Relling (1996) rep

• br Expression profile of GPR As noted above

  2022-04-02

  

  Expression profile of GPR35 As noted above, initial studies indicated expression of GPR35 in rat intestine [1] and stomach [2]. Subsequent studies have confirmed significant expression levels in the small intestine, colon and stomach, and this might be relevant in the association between a GPR35

• SAR around amino derivative revealed a number of

  2022-04-02

  

  SAR around amino-derivative revealed a number of interesting trends related to the serum shift and in vitro activity (). A comparison of derivative , and its epimer , showed that the stereochemistry had little effect on the serum shift and the intrinsic affinity for the receptor. In contrast, re-po

• br Discussion Naloxone and CTAP were

  2022-04-02

  

  Discussion Naloxone and CTAP were able to alter the febrile response induced by gp120. This effect was particularly evident during the initial hours following gp120 administration (90–210min). We also investigated the potential role of the delta-2 opioid receptor in gp120-induced fever. The delta

• One of the main clinical issues of ABCB together with

  2022-04-01

  

  One of the main clinical issues of ABCB1, together with its impact on intestinal absorption, concerns its location at the BBB. Indeed, ABCB1 has been identified in the luminal side of endothelial cells and in the abluminal side of astrocyte endfeet processes of the CNS microvasculature [[36], [37],

• In vitro studies have shown that some antidepressant drugs b

  2022-04-01

  

  In vitro studies have shown that some antidepressant drugs bind to NMDA receptors and inhibit the binding of NMDA receptor ligands [18]. Similarly, several research teams have reported that tricyclic antidepressants can modulate the release and/or uptake of glutamate [19]. In this study, we found th

• BW 723C86 hydrochloride br GluR A knockout mice

  2022-04-01

  

  GluR-A knockout mice Genetically modified, adult mice lacking the GluR-A AMPA receptor subunit exhibit fast synaptic transmission in the hippocampus, mediated by the receptors formed from the remaining AMPA receptor subunits GluR-B and GluR-C (Sommer et al., 1991), but are deficient in a rapidly

• chlorpromazine hydrochloride br Spatial working memory is Gl

  2022-04-01

  

  Spatial working memory is GluR-A-dependent The radial maze task also allowed us to study hippocampus-dependent spatial working memory. On spatial working memory tasks, the correct spatial response that the animal must make varies from trial to trial and is dependent on some conditional, trial-spe

• A number of GCK activators for treating

  2022-04-01

  

  A number of GCK activators for treating T2D have been developed and tested but not progressed successfully from clinical trials into therapy [45]. Our observations suggest that increased risk of hypoglycemia might be possible, particularly if drugs penetrate into brain. A further possibility is that

• Regulation of pancreatic and cell mass

  2022-04-01

  

  Regulation of pancreatic α and β cell mass has been extensively studied and hotly debated, due to potential therapeutic implications. Early claims of Angptl8 as “betatrophin” and Angptl4 as a regulator of glucagon secretion and α cell proliferation (Yi et al., 2013, Ben-Zvi et al., 2015) have not st

• Macroautophagy hereafter referred to as autophagy depends

  2022-04-01

  

  Macroautophagy (hereafter referred to as autophagy) depends on an intracellular lysosome-dependent degradation system that maintains cellular metabolism and homeostasis [11]. Genes involved in these processes are termed autophagy-related genes (ATGs), which regulate autophagosome formation and compl

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